現(xiàn)在完成時及其考點
考點一：考查基本概念
例 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或將來，重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是Ｂ。
考點二：考查時間狀語
例1. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
例2. Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
例3. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
例4.-Our country ______ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
例5. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
例6. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語常有如下四類：
⑴現(xiàn)在完成時常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故例1應選B；例2應選C。
⑵現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故例3應選D，例4應選C。
⑶現(xiàn)在完成時時常與“for +時間段或since +過去時間點”連用（含從句，從句過去時）。故例5應選C，例6應選C。
⑷現(xiàn)在完成時還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復次數(shù)的詞語連用。故例7應選B。
考點三：考查與一般過去時的區(qū)別
例1. -These farmers have been to the United States .
-Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
例2.-______ you ___ your homework yet ? -Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆，就是因為它們所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，說話的側重點在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關系；現(xiàn)在完成時表示與現(xiàn)在有關系的發(fā)生在過去的動作，它不與表示過去的時間狀語（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）連用。故例１、２的正確答案皆為B。
考點四：考查非延續(xù)性動詞的用法
例1. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
例2.-Do you know him well ?
- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
例3.-How long have you ____ here ?-About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
例4. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun
Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
例5. His uncle died two years ago .（改變句子，句意不變）
His uncle has _______ for two years
例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
例7. It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
簡析：現(xiàn)在完成時中，非延續(xù)性動詞不能與for和since引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用，通常是用相應的延續(xù)性動詞來代替。常用的非延續(xù)性動詞及替代形式如下：
close-→be closed, put on→wear , open-→be open
get up-→be up, finish/end-→be over , lose-→be lost ,
marry-→be married(to), fall asleep/ go to sleep -→be asleep ( sleep ) ,
get to know-→ know come/arrive-→be here/in ,
come/get back-→be back , go/leave-be away , become -→be ,
borrow -→keep , buy-→have , begin/start-→be on ,
die-→be dead , join-→be in/be a ember of．．． ,
catch a cold-→ have a cold等，
故例1、2、3、4的正確答案依次為：D、B、A、C。例5應填been dead 。其次，可以用相應的延續(xù)性動詞的過去時表示，故例6應填joined；ago。再次，還可用“It is + 一段時間＋since從句”來表示，故例７應選A。
考點五：考查詞組have/has been in / to與have/has gone to的區(qū)別
例1. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
例2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ.have been
簡析：“have/has gone to + 地點”表示“某人去了某地（還未回來）”，指主語所指的人不在這兒。“have/has been in + 地點”表示“在某地呆了多長時間”，常與表示時間的狀語連用。“have/has been to +地點”表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地（但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒）。”故例1、2的正確答案皆為A。
責任編輯：李芳芳