重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)用法
1．suggest 的用法
1)suggest用作及物動(dòng)詞，后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或名詞性從句。從句中的謂語(yǔ)形式多為should加動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。
①He suggested our returning home as soon as possible.
他建議我們盡快回家。
②He suggested a plan.
他提出了一個(gè)計(jì)劃。
③I suggested that he(should)do it.
我建議他做那件事。
2)suggest作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“暗示，表明”，后面也加that從句，但不用should do 形式。
①Her appearance suggests that she is living a happy life.
她的樣子顯示她生活得很幸福。
②His yawns suggested that he would like to go to bed.
他哈欠連天，說(shuō)明他該上床睡覺(jué)了。
2．fire 的用法
fire作用物質(zhì)名詞表示“火”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，一般不加冠詞。
①There is no smoke without fire.
無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪。
②Keep away from fire!
切勿近火！
▲表示“火災(zāi)”時(shí)，fire用作可數(shù)名詞。
①A fire broke out yesterday.
昨天發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)。
②Forest fires are common in North America.
北美的森林火災(zāi)很普遍。
③The fire was soon put out.
火很快撲滅了。
▲set fire to 意為“放火燒”，“使情緒激動(dòng)”。
①He set fire to his house before he took a flight.
他逃跑前放火燒了房子。
②He set the audience on fire.
他使聽(tīng)眾情緒激昂。
▲catch fire作“著火，燃燒，激動(dòng)起來(lái)”解。
①First the curtains caught fire and then the bed-clothes.
窗簾首先著火了，接著被褥也著火了。
②The audience caught fire at his words.
觀眾聽(tīng)了他的話群情激昂。
▲go through fire and water作“赴湯蹈火”解。
They were always ready to go through fire and water for the sake of the Chinese people's liberation.
他們隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備為中國(guó)人民的解放而赴湯蹈火。
3．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 might的用法
1)might是may的過(guò)去式，但只有在過(guò)去時(shí)間的語(yǔ)境中，might才表示過(guò)去的“許可”。
①They assured us that we might come and go as we pleased.
他們向我們保證，我們可以來(lái)去自由。
②She asked if she might go home then.
她詢問(wèn)那時(shí)是否可以回家。
2)在過(guò)去時(shí)間的語(yǔ)境中，might可表示過(guò)去的“可能”。
①He explained he might be late for school because of a traffic jam.
他解釋到，他上學(xué)可能會(huì)因交通堵塞而遲到。
②He said he might be working late that night.
他說(shuō)那天晚上他可能工作到深夜。
3)如果不出現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)間的語(yǔ)境中，might僅表示一種婉轉(zhuǎn)口氣。
①We might ask John to chair the meeting.
我們不妨請(qǐng)約翰主持會(huì)議。(試探性的建議)
②You might take these letters to the post office for me.
你可否把我的幾封信帶到郵局發(fā)掉。(客氣的請(qǐng)求)
4．battle, war, fight & struggle
1)war指國(guó)家間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)總體。
①They are at war with the country.
他們正在與該國(guó)交戰(zhàn)。
②War is not the best way to settle quarrels between different countries.
戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不是解決國(guó)與國(guó)之間爭(zhēng)端的最好方法。
2)battle 指war中的各個(gè)戰(zhàn)役。
①He died in the battle of Waterloo.
他死于滑鐵盧戰(zhàn)役。
②They all went out to battle.
他們?nèi)勘几皯?zhàn)場(chǎng)了。
3)fight 指具體的爭(zhēng)斗，可以有兵器，也可以沒(méi)有，可以指人之間，亦可指動(dòng)物之間的爭(zhēng)斗。
①They fought for freedom.
他們?yōu)樽杂啥鴳?zhàn)。
②England fought against Germany.
英國(guó)和德國(guó)打仗。
4)struggle指較長(zhǎng)時(shí)期的，激烈的爭(zhēng)斗，往往指肉體上、精神上的戰(zhàn)斗。
①He struggled with the thief.
他與竊賊搏斗。
②They had to struggle for their lives against weather and wild animals.
他們必須與氣候、野獸抗?fàn)幰郧笊妗?/p>
5．when用作并列連詞，意為“這時(shí)突然……”(”and then；and just at that time)；“正在……時(shí)，突然”。注意這時(shí)不能將when所引導(dǎo)的句子放在句首。例如：
①An Arab was walking along in the desert when he met two men.
一個(gè)阿拉伯人正獨(dú)自在沙漠中走，這時(shí)他碰見(jiàn)兩個(gè)人。
②I was Just coming to see you when I ran into Wilson.
我正要去看你，這時(shí)我碰到威爾遜。
③Peter was on his way home when two boys stopped him.
彼得正往家走，突然兩個(gè)男孩攔住了他。
6．speed的用法
speed用作抽象意義，表示“速度，速率”時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞；而當(dāng)表示具體的以某種速度行駛時(shí)，則為可數(shù)名詞，多在前面加不定冠詞a。
①The speed of light is faster than that of sound.
光速比音速要快。
②The motor-bike is gaining speed.
那輛摩托車在加快速度。
③He ran at an average speed at the beginning of the race.
在比賽開(kāi)始時(shí)他以中速賽跑。
④Drivers are required to drive at a safe speed on the twisting roads in the mountain.
要求司機(jī)們?cè)隍暄亚鄣纳铰飞弦园踩乃俣刃熊嚒?/p>
⑤The police car is running with a maximum speed.
警車正以最快的速度行駛。
⑥A student was required to have a speed of 500 words per minute in speed-reading.
在快速閱讀中要求學(xué)生每分鐘讀500字。
▲at speed意為“高速地，迅速地”。
①The ambulance is running at speed with alarms.
救護(hù)車?guó)Q笛急馳。
②She finished typewriting the letter at speed.
她迅速打好那封信。
▲at full/top speed表示“全速，最快速度”。
①The militant trucks ran to the front at full speed.
軍車全速開(kāi)往前線。
②The first-aid medical team got to the spot of the accident at top speed.
急救醫(yī)療隊(duì)以最快速度趕到事故現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。
③The runners dashed to the finish at top speed.
賽跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員以最快的速度沖向終點(diǎn)。
▲speed可用作動(dòng)詞，意為“迅速前進(jìn)，快行”。
①The destroyer sped through wind and waves.
那艘驅(qū)逐艦頂風(fēng)斬浪向前行駛。
②She sped home the moment she was told that her husband fell ill suddenly.
剛一聽(tīng)說(shuō)丈夫突然病倒，她便馬上奔回家去。
③He sped the car through the streets.
他加快車速，穿過(guò)一條條街道。
▲speed up意“(使)加快，(使)加速”等，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞多用speeded。
①He speeded up the engine.
他加快了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的速度。
②Many cities have speeded up in house building to meet the demand.
許多城市在建房中加快速度，以滿足要求。
7．warn的用法
warn基礎(chǔ)用法如下：1)warn sb．of(或 about)sth．警告某人某事；2)warn sb．(not)to do sth．警告某人(不)要做某事；3)warn sb．a(chǎn)gainst sth．(或 doing sth．)警告某人不要做某事；4)warn(sb．)that…警告(某人)某事。例如：
①I(mǎi) warned you of the danger, didn't I?
我給你說(shuō)了有危險(xiǎn)，不是嗎？
②Doctor warned people not to smoke.
醫(yī)生警告人們不要吸煙。
③They warned him against swimming in river.
他們告戒他不要在那條河里游泳。
④The weather station warned that a storm was coming.
氣象臺(tái)預(yù)報(bào)有暴風(fēng)雨來(lái)臨。
8．a(chǎn)s的用法
as可以作連詞、介詞及關(guān)系代詞。現(xiàn)將as的用法小結(jié)。如下：
1)作連詞：
(1)作“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”解，引起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，與while相近，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或某事一發(fā)生，另一事立即發(fā)生。例如：
①As she sang, the tears ran down her cheeks.
她一邊唱歌，一邊流淚。
②I startled as he opened the door.
他一開(kāi)門(mén)，我嚇了一跳。
(2)作“因?yàn)椤�，“由于”解，引起原因狀語(yǔ)從句，與because相近。例如：
①I(mǎi) must stop writing now，as I have rather a lot of work to do.
我必須停筆了，因?yàn)槲疫�有許多工作要做。
②As Jim liked walking, we started off on foot.
因?yàn)榧废矚g走路，所以我們就步行出發(fā)了。
(3)作“如”，“像”解，引起方式狀語(yǔ)從句，或比較狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：
①You should do as the teacher tells you to do.
你應(yīng)該像教師教你的那樣去做。(方式狀語(yǔ))
②He speaks English just as Americans do.
他說(shuō)英語(yǔ)就像美國(guó)人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)一樣。(方式狀語(yǔ))
③The weather was not so wet as it is today.
過(guò)去的天氣不像現(xiàn)在這樣潮濕。(比較狀語(yǔ))
④The Christmas tree is almost as tall as the room.
這棵圣誕樹(shù)差不多同這間房子一般高。(比較狀語(yǔ))
▲另外，經(jīng)常用在 as…as possible的結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：
⑤Read the story as quickly as possible.(” Read the story as quickly as you can.)盡快地閱讀這篇故事。
⑥They watered the trees as often as possible. (”They watered the trees as often as they could.)
他們盡可能經(jīng)常給樹(shù)澆水。
2)用作介詞：
(1)作“如”，“像”解，引起方式狀語(yǔ)從句，或比較狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：
①They got united as one man.
他們團(tuán)結(jié)得像一個(gè)人一樣。
②She spoke of me as her dearest friend.
她談起我來(lái)就像我是她最親密的朋友似的。
(2)作“充當(dāng)”，“作為”解。例如：
③He was famous as a soldier.
作為軍人，他很有名望。
④English is spoken as the first language by most people in Australia.
在澳大利亞，大多數(shù)人把英語(yǔ)作為第一語(yǔ)言。
3)用作關(guān)系代詞：在“the same as”和 as follows這類結(jié)構(gòu)中的as都是作關(guān)系代詞。
9．a(chǎn)s，when與while的用法區(qū)別
1)while常表示一段較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間或一個(gè)過(guò)程，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：
①Work while you work. Play while you play.
工作時(shí)工作，玩耍時(shí)玩耍。
2)when當(dāng)……時(shí)候，可以指較短的(一點(diǎn))時(shí)間，也可指一段時(shí)間。例如：
①When the clock struck twelve, all the lights in the streets were still on.
鐘敲十二時(shí)，街上所有的燈仍亮著。
②When he was at college, he studied hard.
他在大學(xué)時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)很努力。
3)as當(dāng)……時(shí)候，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，經(jīng)常翻譯為“一面……一面……”。例如：
①The students sang the English song as they went along.
學(xué)生們邊走邊唱那首英語(yǔ)歌曲。
10．noise，voice和 sound的用法區(qū)別
1)sound作“聲音”解，可以指一切聲音。如：
①He heard a strange sound from behind.
他聽(tīng)到背后有一個(gè)奇怪的聲音。
②It was such a weak sound that we could hardly hear it.
它是那么微弱的聲音，我們幾乎聽(tīng)不到。
③Can you hear a sharp sound from a long distance?
你聽(tīng)到遠(yuǎn)處的尖叫聲了嗎？
④The beautiful sound of music moved him greatly.
優(yōu)美的音樂(lè)深深地感動(dòng)了他。
2)noise(”loud and unpleasant sound)意為“噪聲”。
特指不悅耳的聲音。它即可用作可數(shù)名詞，也可用作不可數(shù)名詞。例如：
①Noise is another kind of pollution.
噪音是另外一種污染。
②The people who usually hear very loud noises have their hearing hurt.
經(jīng)常聽(tīng)很大噪音人的聽(tīng)力受到了傷害。
3)voice作“聲音”解時(shí)，多指人發(fā)出的聲音。例如：
①Don't shout at the top of your voice.
不要可著喉嚨高喊。
②They didn't recognize my voice on the telephone.
他們?cè)陔娫捴袥](méi)有聽(tīng)出我的聲音。
③Do you know the girl who has a sweet voice?
你認(rèn)識(shí)那位聲音很甜美的姑娘嗎？
重要詞組短語(yǔ)
1．the other day(” a few days ago)意為“前幾天”。例如：
①They sent me a letter from abroad the other day.
前幾天他們給我從國(guó)外發(fā)來(lái)了一封信。
②The other day, when I was walking along the street, I met one of my old school friends.
前幾天當(dāng)我在街上散步的時(shí)候，我遇見(jiàn)了我的一個(gè)老校友。
2．think of意為“想到，記得；思考，關(guān)心”。例如：
①Who first thought of the idea?
誰(shuí)先想到那個(gè)主意的？
②All at once he thought of a way.
他突然想到一個(gè)辦法。
③I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.
我正想著這些的時(shí)候，聽(tīng)到(老師)叫我的名字。
④He had us in mind all the time and we thought of him constantly.
他時(shí)刻關(guān)懷著我們，我們也經(jīng)常惦念著他。
3．go +doing結(jié)構(gòu)表示“去干某事”的意思，多指從事與體育、娛樂(lè)有關(guān)的活動(dòng)。例如：
go boating 去劃船
go climbing去等山
go fishing 去釣魚(yú)
go hunting去打獵
go dancing去跳舞
go swimming去游泳
go shopping去買(mǎi)東西
go walking去散步
4．30cm by 30cm by 50cm是體積的表示法，也可以寫(xiě)成30cm×30cm×50cm。乘號(hào)(×)讀作by。介詞 by在這里表示相乘以計(jì)面積或體積。例如：
①They have built a bird cage 2m×3m×5m.
他們做了一個(gè)2米寬3米長(zhǎng)5米高的鳥(niǎo)籠。
②I want a piece of paper 3 inches by 5 inches.
我想要一張3英寸寬5英寸長(zhǎng)的紙。
③The room is forty feet by twenty.
房間長(zhǎng)40英尺寬20英尺。
5．turn off 意為“關(guān)掉(電燈、水源、煤氣等)”。例如：
①M(fèi)ake sure to turn off the lights before you leave the office.
在你離開(kāi)辦公室之前，一定要關(guān)掉電燈。
②Please turn off the water．請(qǐng)把自來(lái)水關(guān)上。
6．“be about to + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“即刻就要發(fā)生/做的事”。例如：
①They were about to start when it rained.
他們剛要出發(fā)，天就下起雨來(lái)。
②We are about to attend a meeting.
我們將要參加會(huì)議。
【注意】在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，不能用表示時(shí)間的副詞來(lái)修飾，若說(shuō)成：I am about to leave next week.則是錯(cuò)誤的，應(yīng)去掉修飾詞 next week。
7．a(chǎn)t that very moment中的very是形容詞，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，意為“正好”、“就在”。例如：
①That's the very thing I need.
那正是我需要的東西。
②The hotel stands in the very centre of the town.
那家飯店位于城市的正中心。
③He did it under my very eyes.
他就是在我的眼皮底下干這件事。
8．held one's breath 意為“(由于緊張、激動(dòng)、害怕等)屏住氣，不出聲”。例如：
①The audience held their breath when the prizes were to be given.
在頒獎(jiǎng)之前，觀眾都緊張得屏住了氣。
②We held our breath at the exciting news.
聽(tīng)到這一令人興奮的消息時(shí)，我們都屏住了氣。
9．“go + adj．”表示“轉(zhuǎn)變成……”，go是連系動(dòng)詞，作“變得”解。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)常表示情況變壞。例如：
①The machines go wrong.
機(jī)器出了毛病。
②He went almost mad when he heard the news.
他聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)幾乎發(fā)瘋了。
③His illness is going worse.
他的病情正在惡化。
10．run out of sth.
run out of sth．意為“(供應(yīng)品)用完、耗盡；(人)用完”。
①The petrol is running out.
汽油快用光了。
②We are running out of time.
我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。
③Could I have a cigarette? I seem to have run out of them.
給我一支煙好嗎？我的煙已經(jīng)抽完了。
11．so as to/in order to常用來(lái)表示目的，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，其否定形式是so as not to/in order not to。例如：
①He got up very early so as to catch the first bus.
他起的很早，以便趕上第一班公共汽車。
②He worked very hard in order to catch up with the top student in our class.
他工作很努力，以便趕上我班最好的同學(xué)。
③I'm going to make an early start so as not to get stuck in the traffic.
我要早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身，以免碰上交通堵塞。
④He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife.
他輕輕地進(jìn)來(lái)，為了不把他妻子吵醒。
12．a(chǎn)ttract one's attention意為“引起某人的注意”。例如：
①What I said didn't attract his attention.
我所說(shuō)的話沒(méi)有引起他的注意。
②Heze peony flowers attract many foreigners' attention.
菏澤牡丹吸引了眾多外賓的注意力。
13．before long(” soon)意為“不久”，既可與過(guò)去時(shí)連用，也可與將來(lái)時(shí)連用；long before中 before若作副詞，long before(”long ago)意為“很久以前”，常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用。例如：
①I(mǎi)'ll be seeing you before long.
不久，我就會(huì)見(jiàn)到你。
②He left Wuhan long before.
他很久以前就離開(kāi)了武漢。
③It will be long before he arrives.
還要很久，他才能到達(dá)。(本句中before為連詞。)
14．a(chǎn) sleeping lion意為“睡獅”。其中sleeping為動(dòng)詞-ing形式，用作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句(” a lion that is sleeping)。又如：
①Let the sleeping dog lie.
讓睡覺(jué)的狗躺著。(或：不要惹是生非。)
②He entered the room quietly so as not to wake the sleeping child.
他靜靜地走進(jìn)了房間，以便不驚醒睡覺(jué)的孩子。
【常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)】
1．句型“the +形容詞比較級(jí)，the +形容詞比較級(jí)”意思是“越……越……”。例如：
①The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.
你越聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)，它變的越容易。
②The more you learn, the more you want to learn.
你越學(xué)越想學(xué)。
③The bigger the computer is, the more expensive it is.
電腦越大，就越昂貴。
④The harder the work is, the more interesting I find it.
工作越難我覺(jué)得越有意思。
2．It is + adj．+(或for sb．)to do sth．可看作一個(gè)句型，其中it為形式主語(yǔ)。真正的主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
①I(mǎi)t is very important for us to learn English well.
對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。
②It was impossible for people on the floors above to escape.
對(duì)樓上的人來(lái)說(shuō)，要逃掉是不可能的。
3．目的狀語(yǔ)從句總結(jié)
1)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有so，so that，in order that等。
目的狀語(yǔ)從句常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may(might)，有時(shí)亦用shall(should)和will(would)，亦可用can(could)。
①I(mǎi)'ll ring him up at once so he shouldn't wait for me.
我馬上給他掛電話，讓他別等我了。
②He drew a plan of the village so that she could find his house easily.
他畫(huà)了一張村子的草圖，以便她會(huì)容易找到他的房子。
③I lent him ￡500 in order that he might go for a holiday.
我借給他500英鎊，讓他去度假。
2)so that和 in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句被強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，可置于句首。
①So that the coming generation can learn the martial arts, he has recently devoted much time to writing books on the subject.
為了下一代能夠?qū)W會(huì)這些武術(shù)，他近來(lái)花了許多時(shí)間著書(shū)立說(shuō)。
②In order that the grass and flowers could bloom again, it was necessary that the rocks should be removed.
為了讓這些花草能再開(kāi)花，這些石頭必須搬走。
3)in case，for fear(that)也可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，但有否定意義，意謂“以免，以防”。
①Take your umbrella，in case it rains.
帶上傘，以防下雨。
②He took an umbrella with him for fear it might rain.
他帶了一把傘，以防下雨。