重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)用法
1．connect[k+'nekt] vt．連接；(使)聯(lián)系；(使)接通；聯(lián)想。例如：
①The two towns are connected by a newly-built railway. 這兩座城鎮(zhèn)由一條新建的鐵路相連接。
②Please connect the wire to the light.
請(qǐng)把電線接在燈上。
③Please connect me with London University.
請(qǐng)給我接倫敦大學(xué)。
④I always connect China with the Great Wall.
一提到中國(guó)我就聯(lián)想到長(zhǎng)城。
【注意】be connected with表示“(與……)有聯(lián)系”。例如：
⑤He is connected with the matter. 他與那事有關(guān)。
⑥Most European royal families are connected with each other.
歐洲大部分的皇室都有姻親關(guān)系。
2．dozen['d)zn]的用法
1)some dozen people是“一打左右的人”，就是“大約十二個(gè)人”，與some dozen of people同義。some dozens of people是“若干打的人”，就是“幾十個(gè)人”。說(shuō)“若干打”，必須用some dozens，不可用 some dozen。
2)a(two， many， several) dozen people中，用 dozen，不用 dozens而且沒(méi)有of。但 a dozen of these people，
two dozen of them， several dozen of wine等短語(yǔ)中應(yīng)該有“of”。因?yàn)榱?xí)慣上，在these，those，them，us等詞前該用 dozen of，在 wine等物質(zhì)名詞前也該用 dozen of。
3) dozens of people意為“幾十個(gè)人，許多人”， dozens of times意為“幾十次，許多次”，其中用dozens，而不用dozen。
3．mention['menM+n] vt．提到；提起。例如：
①Don't mention this subject this afternoon.
今天下午別提這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
②He felt it his duty to mention this fact to them.
他感到有責(zé)任向他們談到這一情況。
③Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned task.
只有這樣才能完成上述任務(wù)。
④He mentioned how his uncle had had the same experience.
他提起他的叔叔也有同樣的經(jīng)歷。
⑤When we mentioned what we had come for, they immediately offered to help us.
當(dāng)我們談明來(lái)意之后，他們立即提出要幫我們的忙。
4．country, nation和state表示“國(guó)家”時(shí)的區(qū)別
1)country側(cè)重疆土。如：
①China is a developing country while the US is a developed country.
中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家，而美國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。
②The Low Countries are Holland, Belgium and Luxemburg .
“低地國(guó)家”是荷蘭、比利時(shí)和盧森堡。
2)nation側(cè)重人民或民族。如：
①The whole nation is up in arms.
全國(guó)人民都武裝起來(lái)反抗。
②We must greatly raise the cultural level of the whole nation.
我們必須極大地提高全民族的文化水平。
3)state側(cè)重政權(quán)、政體。如：
①State power is the most important.
國(guó)家政權(quán)是最重要的。
②State and Revolution was written by Lenin.
《國(guó)家與革命》是列寧寫的。
5．fold的含義
fold是“折疊”的意思。例如：
①He folded his clothes neatly.他把衣服疊整齊。
②Fold the letter in two before putting it in the envelope.
把信對(duì)折再裝入信封。
③The bird folded its wings. 鳥收起了翅膀。
▲習(xí)語(yǔ)fold one's arms意為“雙臂在胸前合抱”。fold one's hands意為“十指交叉合掌”。
▲fold sb. /sth . in one's arms意為“抱住……”。
Father folded the baby in his arms.
父親把孩子抱在懷里。
6．produce的含義
1)produce用作動(dòng)詞，意為“制造，生產(chǎn)，創(chuàng)造”。
①America produced more cars this year than last year.
美國(guó)今年生產(chǎn)的汽車比去年多。
②Linen is produced from flax.
亞麻布是亞麻纖維制成的。
③He worked hard to produce good crops from poor soil.
他辛勤耕作，要讓貧瘠的土地長(zhǎng)出好莊稼。
2)produce還可表示“生育(子女)，產(chǎn)幼崽”。
①The silkworms are producing well.
這些蠶吐絲量很大。
②The cows are producing a lot of milk.
這些母牛產(chǎn)奶量大。
3)produce還可表示“引起，產(chǎn)生”。
①The medicine produced a violent reaction.
這藥反應(yīng)很大。
②His announcement produced gasps of amazement.
他宣布的消息引起一片驚嘆聲。
4)produce還可表示“拿出、出示以供檢驗(yàn)或使用”。
①Everyone produced their railway ticket for inspection.
每個(gè)人都出示火車票以供查驗(yàn)。
②He produced a revolver from his pocket.
他從衣袋里掏出一把槍。
5)produce還可用作名詞，指“產(chǎn)品”尤指“農(nóng)產(chǎn)品”。
①They provide us fresh produce every day.
他們每天為我們提供新鮮的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。
②It says on the bottle“Produce of France”.
瓶上標(biāo)有“法國(guó)制造”字樣。
7．collect與gather的用法區(qū)別
1)表示“聚集”時(shí)，collect帶有逐漸聚攏之意，gather帶有幾乎是同時(shí)聚攏之意。
①A few homeless beggars collected around a fire for warmth.
幾個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的乞丐走過(guò)來(lái)，圍著火堆取暖。
②A crowd immediately gathered around the injured man on the pavement.
人行道上有人受傷了，一群人立即圍了上來(lái)。
2)表示“收集”時(shí)，collect表示逐一收攏，有目的，有選擇地收集。
gather只表示把散置的東西收攏。
①The old man has collected a great number of foreign coins.
老人收集了許多外國(guó)硬幣。
②The teacher told the boys to collect all the wastepaper lying about after the picnic.
老師吩咐那些男孩，把野餐后散在周圍的廢紙收集起來(lái)。
③She told the children to gather up their toys.
她叫孩子們把玩具收攏在一起。
8．condition的用法
1)condition既可作可數(shù)名詞，又可作不可數(shù)名詞，作“條件”、“情況”、“環(huán)境”解釋時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞，并通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
①Conditions are changing all the time.
情況在不斷地變化。
②Ability is one of the conditions of success in life.
能力是生活中取得成功的條件之一。
③Her parents allowed her to go, but made it a condition that she should get home before midnight.
她父母允許她出去，條件是她必須在半夜之前回家。
④The conditions of his health worried us all.
他的健康狀況使我們都很擔(dān)心。
【注】condition作“環(huán)境”、“情況”解釋時(shí)，其前的介詞可用under或in。如：
①In war conditions, it was very hard to get food and water.
在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境中，很難弄到食物和水。
②He was brought up in very difficult conditions.
他是在很艱苦的環(huán)境中被撫育長(zhǎng)大的。
2)condition作“狀態(tài)”解釋時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞，但可以與a連用，指某一種狀態(tài)。如：
①The ship is not in a condition to make a long voyage.
這條船的狀況不適宜遠(yuǎn)航。
②His clothes were in a shabby condition.
他的衣服很破舊。
3)on(或 upon)condition that…引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，該從句中的動(dòng)詞常用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。 這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的condition不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不帶任何限定詞，前面介詞用on為多。如：
①He can use the bicycle on condition that he returns it tomorrow.
他可以用這輛自行車，條件是必須明天還。
②You can go swimming on condition that you don't go too far from the river bank. 你可以去游泳，條件是你不要離河岸太遠(yuǎn)。
③I'll let you go to the town on condition that you don't waste money.
只要你不亂花錢，我就讓你到鎮(zhèn)上去。
④We'll let you live in the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
如果你們能保持房間整潔的話，我們可以讓你們住。
【注】 on(或upon) condition that…中的動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也可用should +動(dòng)詞原形should可省略，但這種用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況在實(shí)際使用時(shí)并不多見。
重要詞組短語(yǔ)
1．so/as far as 意為“就……而言”；“在……范圍內(nèi)”。通常引出一個(gè)分句在句中作插入語(yǔ)。例如：
①As far as I know, in some developed countries people enjoy free medical care.
就我所知，在一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家人們享有免費(fèi)醫(yī)療。
②He will take part in physical labour next Monday, so far as I know.
據(jù)我所知，他將于下星期一參加體力勞動(dòng)。
③As far as I am concerned, I feel like going to the concert together with you.
就我來(lái)說(shuō)，我想和你一起去聽音樂(lè)會(huì)。
④This is not acceptable, so far as we are concerned.
就我們而言，這是不能同意的。
2．carry out 是一個(gè)常用的短語(yǔ)，意為“實(shí)行，執(zhí)行，進(jìn)行”。例如：
①We made up our minds to carry out the order to the letter.
我們決心不折不扣地執(zhí)行命令。
②We all expect him to carry out his promises.
我們都希望他能夠履行他的諾言。
③Once a decision is reached, it must be firmly carried out.
一旦做出決定，就應(yīng)堅(jiān)決執(zhí)行。
④They also carried out other experiments.
他們還進(jìn)行了其它實(shí)驗(yàn)。
3．由look構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)用法
1) look at意為“看”或“檢查”。
①Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago.
瞧都什么時(shí)候了，十分鐘前我們就該到戲院了。
②I haven't had time to look at your essay yet.
我還沒(méi)空細(xì)讀你的文章。
③Your ankle is badly swollen; I think the doctor ought to look at it.
你的腳腕子腫得很厲害，我看得請(qǐng)醫(yī)生看看。
2)look back意為“回顧過(guò)去”。
He never looks back to the old days with regret.
他回顧過(guò)去，沒(méi)有追悔。
3) look after 意為“照看、照料”。
①He needs to be properly looked after.
他需要好好照顧。
②Our neighbours are looking after my garden while we are away.
我們不在家時(shí)，由鄰居照料花園。
4)look down on sb.意為“瞧不起，鄙視某人”。
①She looks down on people who've never been to university.
她瞧不起沒(méi)上大學(xué)的人。
②He was looked down on because of his humble background.
他因出身低微而被人瞧不起。
5)look for意為“尋找”。
①We've been looking for you everywhere.
我們一直到處找你。
②The youths were looking for a fight.
那些年輕人要尋釁鬧事。
6)look forward to意為“期待某物”。
①We looked forward to our holidays.
我們盼望放假。
②We're so much looking forward to seeing you again.
我們非常盼望再見到你。
7)look into sth. 意為“調(diào)查某事”。
①A working party has been set up to look into the problem.
已成立工作組調(diào)查該問(wèn)題。
②His disappearance is being looked into by the police.
他失蹤一事警方正在調(diào)查。
8)look out意為“當(dāng)心，小心”。
①Look out. There's a car coming. 當(dāng)心有車來(lái)了。
②Look out for pickpockets. 小心扒手。
9)look through意為“翻閱、審查”。
①She looked through her notes before the examination.
考試前她翻了遍筆記。
②Always look your work through before handing it in. 交作業(yè)前要檢查。
10)look up意為“抬頭”或“查閱(資料)”。
①She looked up from her book as I entered the room.
我進(jìn)屋時(shí)她放下書，抬眼看了看。
②If you want to know how a word is used, look the word up in the Advanced Learner's Dictionary.
要想了解某詞的用法，查《高級(jí)詞典》。
③Look up the time of the next train in the timetable.
查一下火車時(shí)刻表中下一趟車的時(shí)間。
4．not only…but also… 是并列連詞，意為“不但……而且……”，主要用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列成份(主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ))，也可用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)分句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)是后一個(gè)。例如：
①Not only Tom but also John wants to read the book.
不止是湯姆，還有約翰也想看那本書。
②She not only sent me a telegraphic message but also followed it up with a long letter.她不但給我打了電報(bào)，跟著還寫來(lái)了封長(zhǎng)信。
【注意】如果 not only…but also…連接的是兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)與后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。例如：
③Not only the father, but also the children were there.
不但是父親在那里，孩子們也在那里。
④Not only the children, but(also) their father likes to see the picture.
不但是孩子們，而且他們的父親也喜歡看這部電影。
5．set up和set
1)set up意為“成立”、”建立”、“立起來(lái)”。如：
①We decided to set up a fund for the Project Hope.
我們決定為希望工程設(shè)立一項(xiàng)基金。
②They set up a laboratory and devoted their spare time to this work.
他們建立了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，把業(yè)余時(shí)間用來(lái)進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)工作。
③The children set up a tent.
孩子們搭起了帳篷。
④A shop was set up at the street corner.
街道拐角處開了個(gè)店。
2)set up還有“使恢復(fù)健康”、“使體格強(qiáng)健”的意思。如：
①A few day's rest will set up you up.
幾天的休息將使你恢復(fù)健康。
②What a well set up young man!
多么健壯的小伙子。
3)set up意為“(使)開始從事某種職業(yè)”。如：
①His parents set him up as a doctor.
他的父母使他從事醫(yī)生的職業(yè)。
②He set up for himself as a bookseller.
他開始經(jīng)營(yíng)書店。
4)set作為使役動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“使處于某種狀態(tài)”，其賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一般是形容詞、分詞和介詞短語(yǔ)。如：
①His jokes set all of us laughing.
他的笑話使我們大家都笑起來(lái)。
②She set the dishes on the table.
她把菜擺到桌上。
③They set all the war prisoners free.
他們釋放了所有的戰(zhàn)俘。
6．由 with引起的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即“with＋n．＋prepositional phrase”，介詞with作“帶有”解，這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常用作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)(表示伴隨狀況)，有靈活的譯法。例如：
①He painted a girl with a pair of dark glasses on her nose.
他畫了一位戴墨鏡的姑娘。
②There was a letter for Mary with an Australian stamp on it.
瑪麗有一封信，上面貼著一張澳大利亞郵票。
③The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his right hand.
老師走進(jìn)教室，右手拿著一本書。
④The guard stood in fron