核心詞匯
1．If we ____________(打敗) the Italian team，we’ll be through to the final.
2．About two hundred students ____________(參加)the lecture by Professor Smith yesterday.
3．Being ____________(暴露)to strong sunlight too much time is bad for your skin.
4. Finding a cure for AIDS is one of the greatest ____________(挑戰(zhàn))facing doctors today.
5．Two new roads have recently been opened，and several others are still under ____________(建設(shè))．
6．I applied for a job as a secretary there，but was ____________(拒絕)．
7．His brother is a businessman who has already____________(捐助)500,000 yuan to the earthquakestricken area.
8．Cigarettes give off too much poisonous vapour into the air，which ____________(污染)the environment badly.
9．No one knows who stole her car，but the police have ____________ her neighbors.At last，the two ____________ were arrested today in connection with the robbery.(suspect)
10．用conclude 的適當(dāng)形式填空
(1)Taking into account of all these factors，we may reach the ____________ that parents are the best teachers of their children.
(2)Johnson ____________ from his studies that equality between the sexes is still a long way off.
1.defeat 2.attended 3.exposed 4.challenges 5.construction 6.rejected/refused 7.contributed 8.pollute 9.suspected；suspects 10.(1)conclusion (2)concluded
高頻短語(yǔ)
1．________________ 提出
2．________________ 得出結(jié)論
3．________________ 使顯露；暴露
4．________________ 將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來(lái)
5．________________ 除……之外；此外
6．________________ 講得通；有意義
7．________________ 調(diào)查；研究
8．________________ 導(dǎo)致
9．________________ 有時(shí)
10．________________ 反對(duì)
11．________________ 對(duì)……嚴(yán)格的
12．________________ 應(yīng)受責(zé)備
1.put forward 2.draw a conclusion 3.expose...to 4.link...to... 5.apart from 6.make sense 7.look into 8.lead to 9.at times 10.be against 11.(be) strict with... 12.be to blame
重點(diǎn)句式
1．____________its cause ____________ its cure was understood.
人們不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。
2．So many thousands of terrified people died ____________ there was an outbreak.
每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，都有大批驚恐的老百姓病死。
3．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she ____________ to her house every day.
有一位婦女是從寬街搬過(guò)來(lái)的，她特別喜歡那里的水，每天都要派人用水泵打水運(yùn)到家里來(lái)。
4．__________________，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies ____________.為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰斯諾建議所有水源都要經(jīng)過(guò)檢測(cè)。
5．____________you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有當(dāng)你把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說(shuō)得清楚。
1.Neither；nor 2.every time 3.had it delivered 4.To prevent this from happening again；be examined 5.Only if
知識(shí)詳解
1conclude vt.& vi. 斷定，推斷；使結(jié)束，終止；達(dá)成，締結(jié)
歸納拓展
[例句探源]
①(牛津 P409)He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
他從他們的話語(yǔ)中推斷出他們不贊同此項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
②(牛津 P409)He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip home.
他講話結(jié)束時(shí)祝愿大家回家一路平安。
③(牛津 P409)I’ve come to the conclusion that he is not the right person for the job.
我斷定他不適合做這項(xiàng)工作。
1．完成句子
(1)我們將作進(jìn)一步的討論，然后再作出最終結(jié)論。
We will have a further discussion before we ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：draw a final conclusion
(2)總之，我認(rèn)為將來(lái)還有希望。
________ ________，I think there is hope for the future.
答案：In conclusion
[即境活用]
(3)讓我用一句諺語(yǔ)結(jié)束我的演講：有志者，事竟成。
Let me ________ ________ ________ ________ a saying：Where there is a will，there is a way.
答案：conclude my speech with
2defeat(defeated；defeated)
vt. 打敗；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫
n． 失敗
(回歸課本P2)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”約翰斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”
①(朗文P528)It was a lack of money，not effort，that defeated their plan.
他們的計(jì)劃失敗并非努力不夠，而是缺乏資金。
②Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome，she never let her problems defeat her.
雖然生活中有許多困難要去克服，但她從不讓困難打敗自己。
③Our baseball team has suffered another defeat.
我們的棒球隊(duì)再次失敗了。
[例句探源]
defeat，beat，win
這三個(gè)詞都有“贏”的意思，但用法不盡相同。
(1)defeat和beat都可接sb.作賓語(yǔ)，一般可以互換，其賓語(yǔ)通常是“人”或“一個(gè)團(tuán)體”，如a team，a class，a school，an army等。另外，defeat還可用來(lái)指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中“擊敗”敵軍或入侵者。
(2)win后接sth.，如game，war，prize，love，respect等；后接sb.時(shí)表示“爭(zhēng)取某人”。
[易混辨析]
2．用win；beat；defeat填空：
(1)The army was welltrained and wellarmed，and had little difficulty ________the enemy.
答案：defeating
(2)He was so nervous that he could feel his heart ________ faster.
答案：beating
[即境活用]
(3)Who do you think will ________ the beauty contest?
答案：win
(4)You ____________ me in the race，but I’ll __________ you at tennis.
答案：beat/defeated；beat/defeat
3 expose vt. 暴露，揭露；使曝光；使面臨
(回歸課本P5)But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時(shí)，就感到很受鼓舞。
[歸納拓展]
【高效記憶】
解析：選C。句意：眾所周知，一些中東國(guó)家的婦女不把臉部露在外面。expose意為“暴露”。
解析：選D。句意：在夏天人們撐傘的原因是暴露在烈日下會(huì)對(duì)皮膚有害。expose to...使暴露于；be exposed to暴露于，接觸，此處作主語(yǔ)，所以要用v.ing形式，故選D。contribute貢獻(xiàn)，不合句意。
[歸納拓展]
[歸納拓展]
解析：選A。sb. be to blame表示“某人應(yīng)被責(zé)備”。又由Actually知此處應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。
解析：選B。此題考查過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。句意：因弄壞了學(xué)校計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)而受到譴責(zé)，Alice情緒很低落。
[歸納拓展]
答案：contributes to
答案：made important contributions to
[歸納拓展]
③It is wise to have some money put away for old age.(1996年高考全國(guó)卷)存些錢(qián)養(yǎng)老是明智的做法。
④(2008年高考上海卷)She called this afternoon to put off the meeting to next week.
她下午打電話把會(huì)議延期到下周。
⑤I can put up with many things，but not with people who steal.
我能容忍很多事情，但絕不容忍小偷小摸的人。
意義 除……之外(還有) 除……之外(別無(wú)) 此外，除了
相當(dāng)于 besides except/but except for
解析：選D。句意：除了繁忙的學(xué)校作業(yè)外，孩子們還必須在業(yè)余時(shí)間上藝術(shù)、音樂(lè)、體育課。apart from 除……之外還。
12．(2011年?yáng)|營(yíng)模擬)I knew nothing about the accident ________ I read in the newspaper.
A．except that B．except for
C．a(chǎn)part from D．except what
解析：選D。句意：關(guān)于這場(chǎng)事故除了我在報(bào)紙上所讀到的之外我一無(wú)所知。由于空格后句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，缺少賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)由what引導(dǎo)，排除A、B、C項(xiàng)。
9make sense 有意義；有道理；講得通
(回歸課本P7)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說(shuō)得清楚。
[歸納拓展]
①This sentence just doesn’t make sense，no matter how you read it.
無(wú)論你怎樣讀這個(gè)句子，它都講不通。
②(2007年高考陜西卷)It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.
在失控前致力解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，這么做是明智的。
[例句探源]
③There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make any sense of them at all.
這一段中有那么多生詞以致于我根本不理解它們的含義。
④(朗文P1855)There is no sense in my painting the door if we’re going to replace it later.
如果我們打算以后把門(mén)換掉，那我給它上漆就毫無(wú)意義了。
⑤In no sense do I agree with this suggestion.
無(wú)論如何我都不贊同這個(gè)建議。
13．(2011年上海交大附中模擬)-________to the sun，the flower will become dry soon.
-What you said does make________.
A．Exposed；sense
B．Exposing；sense
C．Exposed；senses
D．Exposing；a sense
[即境活用]
解析：選A。句意：--暴露在日光下，這花兒很快就會(huì)被曬干。--你說(shuō)的話的確有道理。第一空expose與flower之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，第二空make sense為固定用法，表示“有道理，講得通”。
句型梳理
【教材原句】 So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(P2)
每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，都有大批驚恐的老百姓病死。
【句法分析】 (1)every time引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于whenever，意思是“每當(dāng)……”。
(2)名詞詞組作連詞用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的還有：
each time，any time，the last time，next time，the first time，the moment，the second，the minute，the hour，the day等。
(3)有些副詞，如directly，instantly，immediately也可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。
①Every time I call the number，I get a busy signal.
我每次撥打這個(gè)號(hào)碼，電話總是忙音。
②Each time they met，they would talk long hours together.
他們每次見(jiàn)面都會(huì)談?wù)摵荛L(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
③The first time he came to the city，he decided to settle here.
他第一次來(lái)到這個(gè)城市，他就決定在此安家。
④The last time I saw Kate，she was doing research on wild animals.我最后一次見(jiàn)到凱特時(shí)，她正在研究野生動(dòng)物。
⑤The moment he got out of the airport，the pop star was surrounded by his fans.
這位著名的歌星一出飛機(jī)場(chǎng)，就被歌迷圍了起來(lái)。
⑥I left immediately the clock struck 5.
鐘剛敲了五下我就離開(kāi)了。
【溫馨提示】 (1)for the first time是介詞短語(yǔ)，只可作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而the first time是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
(2)It is the first time that...(如果前面用is，從句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果用was，則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。)
(3)It’s high/about time that...(從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)或should＋動(dòng)詞原形)
⑦It is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall.
這是我第一次參觀長(zhǎng)城。
⑧It is high time that we left for Beijing.
到我們出發(fā)去北京的時(shí)間了。
[即境活用]
14．(2009年高考遼寧卷)It’s the first time that he has been to Australia，________？
A．isn’t he B．hasn’t he
C．isn’t it D．hasn’t it
解析：選C。句意：這是他第一次去澳大利亞，不是嗎？It’s the first time that...是固定句型，反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成需依據(jù)主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)而定。
15．(2009年高考陜西卷)This is the first time we________a film in the cinema together as a family.
A．see B．had seen
C．saw D．have seen
解析：選D。句意：這是我們?nèi)业谝淮蔚诫娪霸嚎措娪啊！癟his/It is the＋序數(shù)詞＋time＋that從句”為固定句型，that從句需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
16．Don’t stop________you meet with a word you don’t understand.
A．a(chǎn)t the time B．each time
C．by the time D．sometimes
解析：選B。考查名詞詞組用作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：不要每次遇到不理解的詞就停下來(lái)。有類(lèi)似用法的還有：next time(下次)，last time(上次)，the moment(一……就……)等。而A、D兩項(xiàng)不能連接句子，C項(xiàng)意義不對(duì)。
17．(2011年云南玉溪模擬)________you talk with someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.
A．At times B．Some time
C．Every time D．The time
解析：選C。句意：每次你與別人交談或?qū)懶畔ⅲ愣枷騽e人展示你的技能。every time是名詞詞組用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
2【教材原句】 Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(P2)
人們既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治療方法。
【句法分析】 neither...nor...既不……，也不……，連接句中兩個(gè)相同成分。neither...nor...連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與就近的名詞或代詞保持一致。本句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與its cure保持一致。
①Neither my father nor I was there.
我父親和我都不在那里。
②I have neither time nor money for the ball.
我既沒(méi)時(shí)間也沒(méi)錢(qián)參加舞會(huì)。
③Neither shall I go there，nor do I want to go.
我既不會(huì)去那兒，也不想去那兒。
[歸納拓展]
④She not only speaks but also writes French.
她不但能說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，而且會(huì)寫(xiě)法語(yǔ)。
⑤Either my father or my brothers are coming.
我的父親或者我的兄弟們要來(lái)。
18．Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and________.
A．I was neither
B．neither was I
C．I was either
D．either was I
[即境活用]
解析：選B。句意：Bill對(duì)Jason做報(bào)告推遲這件事表示不高興，我也不高興。根據(jù)題意可知，我也不(高興)neither/nor＋系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)表示某人/物也不(同意或贊成上文的觀點(diǎn))，易把either看做neither，無(wú)either was I句式，故選B。
19．If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，________.
A．he will either B．neither will he
C．he neither will D．either he will
解析：選B。考查固定句型。句意：如果Joe的妻子不參加晚會(huì)，他也不參加。“neither＋系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”表示“某人/物也不……”。either置于句末，也可表示“也”的意思，但它須與否定句連用。
（小周）