has been doing一般用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)是“I/we/you/they have been doing sth.”、“he/she/it has been doing sth.”。表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。
1.表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。
(1)The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中國(guó)有2000年的造紙歷史。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
(2)I have been learning English since three years ago.
自從三年前以來(lái)我一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
2.表示在說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了。(人還沒(méi)到，如同在電話(huà)里說(shuō)的，還會(huì)繼續(xù)等)
3.有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。
(1)They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了10年了。
(2)I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在這里已經(jīng)工作五年了。
4.大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。
(1)I have been writing a book.(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
我一直在寫(xiě)一本書(shū)。
I have written a book.(動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)
我已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了一本書(shū)。
(2)They have been building a bridge.
他們一直在造一座橋。
They have built a bridge.
他們?cè)炝艘蛔鶚颉?/p>
5.表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
(1)I have known him for years.
我認(rèn)識(shí)他已經(jīng)好幾年了。
I have been knowing...(沒(méi)有這種說(shuō)法)
這類(lèi)不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還有：love愛(ài)，like喜歡，hate討厭等。